What Causes Periodontal Disease? Periodontal disease comes in different stages. The earliest stage of periodontal disease is gingivitis. This stage is reversible with proper treatment. If caught and treated before progression there will be no long term affects. If it advances to the next stage, periodontitis, there will be long term effects to your smile. These effects can include gum tissue recession and bone loss surrounding your teeth. Below we will discuss what causes periodontal disease as well as how to bring it under control for good dental health. What Causes Periodontal Disease?